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Rules of Procedure of the German Bundestag

Rule 2

Election of the President and the Vice-Presidents

(1) The Bundestag shall, in secret and separate ballots (Rule 49), elect the President and the Vice-Presidents for the duration of the electoral term. Every parliamentary group in the German Bundestag shall be represented on the Presidium by at least one Vice-President.

Rule 4

Election of the Federal Chancellor

The Federal Chancellor (Article 63 of the Basic Law) shall be elected by secret ballot (Rule 49). Nominations for the ballots in accordance with Article 63, paragraphs (3) and (4) of the Basic Law must be signed by one quarter of the Members of the Bundestag or a parliamentary group representing at least one quarter of the Members of the Bundestag.

Rule 48

Rules on voting

(1) Voting shall be by show of hands or by standing or sitting. The final vote on a bill after the third reading (Rule 86) shall be taken by standing or sitting.

(2) Unless the Basic Law, a federal law or these Rules of Procedure provide otherwise, decisions shall be taken by a simple majority. A tie shall constitute a negative vote.

(3) If, under the provisions of the Basic Law, a federal law, or these Rules of Procedure, a decision or an election requires a specific majority, the President shall expressly state that the approval of the requisite majority exists.

Rule 49

Elections by secret ballot

(1) Where a federal law or these Rules of Procedure provide for elections by the Bundestag using official ballot papers, the ballot shall be secret. The ballot papers shall be handed out only before the polling booth is entered (when each Member's name is called). The polling booths to be set up to ensure the secrecy of the ballot shall be used for casting the votes. The marked ballot papers, placed in the envelopes supplied, shall be inserted in the urns provided for the purpose.

Election of the Commons Speaker (GB)

Each MP will receive a ballot paper with the names of all the candidates listed in alphabetical order. They will vote in the division lobbies either side of the House of Commons Chamber, and will have 30 minutes to do so.

It is a secret ballot and MPs can only vote for one candidate. Once the votes have been counted the result will be announced in the Commons.

Votes at the National Assembly (FR)

II. – the public nature of the vote

With the exception of votes on personal appointments (the election of the President at the beginning of a parliament, for example), all votes in the Parliament are public. They may be by show of hands, by ordinary public ballot or by public ballot at the tribune.

Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament

TITLE I : MEMBERS, PARLIAMENT BODIES AND POLITICAL GROUPS

CHAPTER 2 : OFFICERS OF PARLIAMENT

Rule 13  : Nominations and general provisions

1.    The President, Vice-Presidents and Quaestors shall be elected by secret ballot, in accordance with Rule 169. Nominations shall be with consent. They may only be made by a political group or by at least 40 Members. However, if the number of nominations does not exceed the number of seats to be filled, the candidates may be elected by acclamation.

TITLE VI : SESSIONS

Chapter 5: Quorum and voting

Rule 169: Voting by secret ballot

1.    In the case of appointments, voting shall be by secret ballot without prejudice to Rules 13(1), 186(1) and 191(2), second subparagraph.

Only ballot papers bearing the names of Members who have been nominated shall be taken into account in calculating the number of votes cast.

2.    Voting may also be by secret ballot if this is requested by at least one-fifth of the component Members of Parliament. Such requests must be made before voting begins.

When a request for a secret ballot is submitted by at least one fifth of the component Members of Parliament before voting begins, Parliament must hold such a vote.

3.    A request for a secret ballot shall take priority over a request for a vote by roll call.

4.    Between two and eight Members chosen by lot shall count the votes cast in a secret ballot, unless an electronic vote is taken.

In the case of votes under paragraph 1, candidates shall not act as tellers.

The names of Members who have taken part in a secret ballot shall be recorded in the minutes of the sitting at which the ballot was held.